(Shri
Lakshminarayan Aithal has served for over 3 decades in Swami’s institution and
is the former Principal of the Sri Sathya Sai Loka Seva Institutions at
Muddenahalli. Inspired by Swami’s direct message to study the Upanishads, he
first learnt Sanskrit and then studied the direct works of Adi Shankaracharya
and Swami. Sincere perseverance led him to the reality of Aham Brahmasmi and He
realized and experienced Swami’s words: “I am God and so are you”. He shares
the import of the Upanishadic teachings with us in this series of articles.)
Not only the
selfhood is an
obstacle to apprehend
that we are
the Absolute Form
of Auspiciousness; and
the world that
appears for us
is also another
obstacle to that
Awareness. If we
are the unique
Form of Awareness,
how the world
of inert objects
would have come
out? This thought
is a fearful
impediment for the
reflection of the
Auspiciousness. Similar to us,
many living beings
are here; all of them
live with us;
and as us,
they are also
having pleasure and
pain. How does this multiplicity
of selfhood appear? We can
apprehend, somehow, that
the Self is
of the form
of awareness; but
how do we
apprehend these inert
objects are of
the form of
awareness? These inert
objects appear to
the self; and
these are liked
or disliked by
the self; and
as the self
uses these inert
objects that are
depending on another
are used. How do
we
apprehend these inert
objects as of
the form of awareness?
Many of us are haunted by this doubt. In order to have a relief, the third verse having another example is commenced:-
Many of us are haunted by this doubt. In order to have a relief, the third verse having another example is commenced:-
Aabhaateedam Vishvam-aatmani-asatyam
Satya-jnaana-aananda-roope Vimohaat I
Nidraa-mohaat Svapnavat Tanna Satyam
Shuddhah Poorno Nitya Ekah Shivoham II
Meanings: Asatyam: that which
is not real,
idam: this, vishvam: all the
world, satya-jnaana-aananda-roope: ( in
Him ) who is
the Form of Existence-Awareness-Bliss; aatmani: in the
Self, nidraa-mohaat: by
the delusion of
sleep, svapnavat: as if
the dream, vimohaat:
by the delusion,
aabhaati: appears, tat:
therefore, na satyam:
not real, aham: I ,
shuddhah: pure, poornah: the
one cannot be
measured by any
means, nityah: Eternal,
ekah: one alone, Shivah:
Auspicious One.
3.In
the Self, this
non-real whole world
appears, as if,
a dream due
to delusion of the sleep
and due to
misunderstanding. Therefore this
is not real. I am
Pure, the Whole,
the Eternal, the
One and the
Auspiciousness.
EXAPLANATION
A
DOUBT ON THE ILLUSTRATION OF ROPE AND SERPENT.
If we have
the illustration of
rope and serpent
of the previous
verse, we get
a few doubts.
According to this
illustration, if the
selfhood is imagined
in the Lord,
the following objections
may arise:-
(1) We have seen both rope and serpent.
Therefore, in the
darkness, when we
look at a
rope, we don’t
know it. Because
of the previous
idea of the
snake, we may
misunderstand the rope
as a snake.
But, if we
are already the
Sole Form of
Auspiciousness, how do
we get the
conception of the
affairs of life
or the delusion
that occurs due
to the conception
of worldliness?
( 2 ) In the illustration,
at first, we
have an experience
of the snake;
and due to the idea
of the snake,
we have the
delusion of it.
Not only that,
the delusion happens
only if we
have the real
experience of it.
Therefore, if the
worldliness is delusion
we should have
the real worldliness.
How is this
worldliness is attached
in the explanation
of the Sole Awareness? If
it is not
attached, how do
we believe that
this worldliness is
delusion?
( 3 ) The rope and
the snake of
the illustration are
separate objects to
be seen by
the seer. None imagines that he, himself, is a snake. But,
in the illustration,
as you tell,
we imagine the
seer, himself, as
the worldly man.
Therefore, this also doesn’t fit to the illustration.
( 4 ) None misconceives that
a rope has
become two; and
none deludes that
an object of
somewhere remains elsewhere.
None produces a large metal pot, etc.
In the rope which doesn’t have such forms. But,
in the illustrated
the Vedantins tell:
Many living beings
are deluded in
the Sole Auspiciousness; and
the world is
an imagined object
to the Self;
and the world
of impure and
inert objects are
imagined in the
Pure Form of
Awareness. This also
doesn’t fit to
the illustration of
the rope and
the snake.
It being so,
how do we
believe that we
are of the
Form of Auspiciousness and
we have imagined
selfhood and inertness
in that Form
of ours?
DUE TO MISUNDERSTANDING THE WORLD
APPEARS IN THE SELF ITSELF.
Now, we are
going to give
answers to the
above objections one
by one:-
( 1 ) We never had
either the conception
of worldliness or the delusion
due to that;
then, how could
these two arise?
This is the first objection, isn’t it?
But there is
no rule that
before a delusion
there should be
a similar experience.
In the illustration,
we have never
experienced the snake
in the rope;
still, we have
the delusion: ‘ that is
a snake’. Similarly, the delusion of the worldliness
might have come.
( 2 ) The delusion of
a snake has
arisen due to
the one who
has seen the
real snake. Therefore,
the delusion of
the worldliness has
arisen by seeing
a real worldly
man; isn’t it?
This is the second objection.
But there is
no rule that
the delusion should
rise after seeing
a real object.
Suppose, there are two persons.
The one has
never seen a
snake, and the
other one has
seen it. Now,
both of them,
in the semi-darkness, look
at a rope
and they don’t
know the rope.
The latter tells the former: ‘look, there is a snake’. Then, the former gets the knowledge of that
snake. Then, the
former learns the
word ‘ snake’ from
the latter. But,
both of them,
equally, superimpose the
snake on the
rope. Afterwards, the
former, due to
the idea of
that snake, may
imagine the other
rope also as
the snake; isn’t
it? In that
context, there is no real
snake as the
root of delusion.
(Objection: -) This is not proper.
For, in the
above example, Among
the two, one
has the experience
of the real
snake. In the worldliness, none
has the real worldly illusion. At first,
any one has
a real worldliness,
then the others
may have the
delusion of it;
and then, this
illustration may be
used. But it is not so. Apart
from this, when
we know the
rope clearly, we
understand: ‘ this is only
the rope, causelessly,
I deluded it
as a snake’.
In the illustrated,
we don’t have
any opportunity to
experience like this.
For, in the
illustration, as the
one has seen
the rope, none
has seen the
Self; if anyone
has seen Him,
then there is
no reason to
have delusion again.
Or, if there
is a cause
for delusion and
even if we
experience the Self
through the knowledge
of Vedanta, the
delusion may re-occur.
In this manner,
to affirm the
worldliness is delusion,
the above illustration
is not suitable
one.
(Relief :- ) There is no
need for the
illustration to be
identical in all
respects with the
illustrated. If these
two are identical
in all respects,
we cannot tell
that one is
an illustration and
the other one
is illustrated. In
the present case,
what we have
to understand is
this: As we
misunderstand the rope
as a snake,
so we have
mistaken the Self
to be the
non-self. Therefore, there
is no rule
that a person
who has seen
the real worldliness
only obtains the
delusion of it.
Thus, the illustration is the proper one.
THE SELF IS OF THE FORM OF EXISTENCE-AWARENESS-BLISS.
(Objection: -) Let it be so.
At first, should
or shouldn’t we know the
Self? The person
who doesn’t know
the form of
the rope may
obtain the experience
that he has
misunderstood the rope
to be as
a snake. If
it is true,
we don’t have
the experience of the Self,
then, how do we get
the delusion of
the non-self?
(Relief: -) There is none who doesn’t know the Self. Everyone has understood the Self in the form
of ‘I’, ‘I’.
(Objection: -) Then, everyone knows the Self that he is ‘I’. Then,
what is the
use of the
Science of Vedanta
to know the
Self? Even if,
the knowers of
the Self are
got deluded, what
is the use
of the Self-Knowledge?
(Relief: -) We have known
the Self in
the common form
of ‘I’; but
we have not
understood the Self:
‘ I am the
Auspiciousness of the
Form of Existence-Awareness-Bliss’ When
we don’t know
specially the form
of the rope,
we may ,misunderstand it
either a snake
or a crack
on the ground;
isn’t it? Similarly, we have to understand this
case. Our Self
is the Truth( Satya), means
He exists always
as He is;
and He is of the
Form of Awareness( Jnaana), means
He is of
the Form of
Consciousness; and He
is of the
Form of Bliss( Aananda), means
He is of
the Form of
Happiness. We should know
this. The Science
of Vedanta evidently
preaches this aspect
of the Self.
(Objection: -) Truth means to
remain as it
is; if it
is so, stone,
wood, etc. Also remain as they are. If
these inert materials
are the Self
in the form
of Existence, then
we know the
Form of the
Truth; isn’t it?
(Relief: -) It is not so. Really, no object remains as it is. Even
boulders, in the
course of time,
obtain a lot
of changes. Due to the weathering the boulders become
sand. If
the boulders remain
as they are,
how do these
changes occur? Therefore,
we have to
consider that these
materials are changed
gradually. Still, a few
objects, to the
gross look, appear
to be changeless.
An example: From
clay various sizes
of vessels like
pots, pictures are
prepared. But the
clay remains the
same in all
the vessels. Therefore,
in the practical
fields such changeless
objects may be
called the truth.
But our Self
is the Truth
means that He
is not the
truth of worldly
affairs; He is
Really the Truth.
Apart from this,
there is no
room that the
real objects of
this wakeful state
should have awareness.
For instance, stone, clay, etc.
Don’t have consciousness.
Therefore, these materials are called inert objects. But, our Self is of the Form of
Awareness. We have
the experience of
consciousness in the
manner: ‘ I know
this object’. But
the knowledge of the Self
is not of
this type. The
knowledge of this
type appears in
respect of a
particular object and
disappears, too; therefore,
the knowledge of
that object is
not real. The
Self is the
Truth and the
Awareness; therefore, the
knowledge of the
Form of the
Self doesn’t either
appear or disappear.
He is devoid
of any change
and He is
Eternally in the
Form of Awareness.
Another point. If we
want to have
the knowledge, we
have to afflict
our intellect. By
the concentrated thinking
alone we have
to acquire this
knowledge. But, there
is neither affliction
nor sorrow in
the Form of
the Self. He is in the Form of Bliss. Therefore,
this intellectual knowledge
what we acquire
is not the
Self. When we
enjoy the sensual
objects, do we not obtain
a sort of
happiness; and the
Bliss of the
Self is not
similar to that
one. The happiness
born out of
sensual enjoyment is
of transient nature
and is dependent
also. But the Self is Eternally
Independent Form of Bliss.
Thus, when we
observe externally, certain
worldly objects may
suitably be applicable
to the words- truth,
knowledge and happiness.
If we thoroughly
examine any non-self-object, we
understand that the
Self alone is
of the Form
of
Existence-Awareness-Bliss; and not
the non-self-object. If
this Form the
Self is known,
the imagined form
of the self
and the world
in it are
falsified.
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